Southeast had equal chances of either above-, below-, or near-average temperatures. The outlook also noted that the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys, the Mid-Atlantic region, and the U.S. Such conditions were also favored in Hawaii. with the highest probabilities from the Pacific Northwest to the northern Plains and in Alaska. The temperature outlook favored warmer-than-normal conditions across the northern and western U.S. and the possibility of the Madden–Julian oscillation contributing to heavy-precipitation events along the West Coast. The outlook also noted the potential for the Arctic oscillation to bring colder-than-average conditions to the eastern U.S. He added that while the El Niño was expected to be weak, it still had the potential to bring drier conditions to the northern United States and wetter conditions to the southern U.S. CPC Deputy Director Mike Halpert specified that development was expected to occur by late fall to early winter. The outlook noted a 70 to 75% chance of El Niño developing. On October 18, 2018, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Prediction Center released its U.S. Since both definitions span the calendar year, it is possible to have a winter storm in two different years. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. Both definitions involve a period of approximately three months, with some variability. Based on the meteorological definition, the first day of winter is December 1 and the last day February 28. Based on the astronomical definition, winter begins at the winter solstice, which in 2018 occurred on December 21, and ends at the March equinox, which in 2019 occurred on March 20. While there is no well-agreed-upon date used to indicate the start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere, there are two definitions of winter which may be used. Overall, the meteorological winter of 2018-19 became the wettest on record for the United States. Overall, however, winter of 2018–19 was mild along the mid- and lower parts of the East Coast, the West Coast, and most of the southern Plains. Unlike previous winters, a developing weak El Niño was expected to influence weather patterns across North America. Several notable events occurred, such as a rare snow in the Southeast in December, a strong cold wave and several major winter storms in the Midwest, and upper Northeast and much of Canada in late January and early February, record snowstorms in the Southwest in late February, deadly tornado outbreaks in the Southeast and a historic mid-April blizzard in the Midwest, but the most notable event of the winter was a record-breaking bomb cyclone that affected much of the Central United States and Canada in mid-March. The 2018–19 North American winter was unusually cold within the Northern United States, with frigid temperatures being recorded within the middle of the season. Temperatures plummeting across North America in late January 2019ĥ2 in (130 cm) ( Wolf Creek Pass, Colorado)
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